{"id":11572,"date":"2026-06-02T07:06:00","date_gmt":"2026-06-02T09:06:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/svetainiuperkelimas.eu\/metida\/?p=11572"},"modified":"2026-07-03T07:10:53","modified_gmt":"2026-07-03T09:10:53","slug":"prekes-zenklai-internete-intelektines-nuosavybes-issukiai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/svetainiuperkelimas.eu\/metida\/prekes-zenklai-internete-intelektines-nuosavybes-issukiai\/","title":{"rendered":"Prek\u0117s \u017eenklai internete: intelektin\u0117s nuosavyb\u0117s i\u0161\u0161\u016bkiai"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Skaitmenin\u0117 ekonomika pakeit\u0117 ne preki\u0173 \u017eenkl\u0173 teis\u0117s principus, o j\u0173 taikymo praktik\u0105. Prek\u0117s \u017eenklas ir dizainas saugomi pagal tas pa\u010dias taisykles kaip ir prie\u0161 20 met\u0173, ta\u010diau elektronin\u0117s prekyviet\u0117s, socialiniai tinklai ir NFT suk\u016br\u0117 pa\u017eeidim\u0173 mast\u0105 ir greit\u012f, kurio anks\u010diau nebuvo. \u0160iame straipsnyje ap\u017evelgiame, kaip teismai ES ir JAV sprend\u017eia naujus gin\u010dus ir k\u0105 tai rei\u0161kia verslui, kuriam svarbu apsaugoti savo prek\u0117s \u017eenkl\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"kuo-skiriasi-prekes-zenklas-ir-dizainas\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kuo skiriasi prek\u0117s \u017eenklas ir dizainas?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prek\u0117s \u017eenklas ir dizainas yra du skirtingi intelektin\u0117s nuosavyb\u0117s objektai, saugantys skirtingus j\u016bs\u0173 verslo elementus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Prek\u0117s \u017eenklas <\/strong>\u2013 bet koks \u017eymuo, kurio pagrindin\u0117 paskirtis \u2013 atskirti vieno asmens prekes ar paslaugas nuo kito asmens preki\u0173 ar paslaug\u0173. Apsauga galioja 10 met\u0173 ir gali b\u016bti prat\u0119siama neribotai (LR Preki\u0173 \u017eenkl\u0173 \u012fstatymas Nr. VIII-1981, ES reglamentas 2017\/1001).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Dizainas <\/strong>\u2013 viso gaminio ar jo dalies vaizdas, atsirandantis i\u0161 paties gaminio ir (ar) jo ornamentikos, linij\u0173, kont\u016br\u0173, spalv\u0173, formos, tekst\u016bros ar med\u017eiag\u0173 savybi\u0173. Registruotas dizainas saugomas iki 25 met\u0173.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prek\u0117s \u017eenklu gali b\u016bti ne tik pavadinimas ar logotipas. Spalva \u201eBarbie pink\u201c registruota kaip prek\u0117s \u017eenklas ir visos teis\u0117s \u012f j\u0105 priklauso \u201eMattel\u201c. Teis\u0117s \u012f fraz\u0119 \u201eThis sick beat\u201c priklauso Taylor Swift. Net Dartho Veiderio kv\u0117pavimo garsas saugomas kaip garsinis prek\u0117s \u017eenklas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"kodel-internetas-pazeidzia-senasias-intelektines-nuosavybes-taisykles\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kod\u0117l internetas pa\u017eeid\u017eia sen\u0105sias intelektin\u0117s nuosavyb\u0117s taisykles?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Intelektin\u0117s nuosavyb\u0117s teis\u0117s yra teritorin\u0117s \u2013 jos galioja tik tose \u0161alyse, kuriose \u017eenklas ar dizainas registruotas. Internetas toki\u0173 sien\u0173 nepaiso: bet kas, bet kur gali parduoti bet kam, \u012fskaitant klastotojus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0160is prie\u0161taravimas tarp teritorin\u0117s teis\u0117s ir globalios prekybos yra esmin\u0117 skaitmenin\u0117s ekonomikos IP problema. Pa\u017eeid\u0117jas da\u017enai veikia kitoje jurisdikcijoje, tod\u0117l teismo sprendim\u0105 gauti yra viena, o j\u012f realiai \u012fvykdyti \u2013 visai kita.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"ar-elektronine-prekyviete-atsako-uz-klastotes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ar elektronin\u0117 prekyviet\u0117 atsako u\u017e klastotes?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Taip \u2013 tam tikrais atvejais elektronin\u0117 prekyviet\u0117 gali atsakyti u\u017e tre\u010di\u0173j\u0173 \u0161ali\u0173 parduodamas klastotes. ES ir JAV teismai \u0161\u012f klausim\u0105 sprend\u017eia skirtingai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Byloje Louboutin prie\u0161 Amazon (ESTT, 2022) Europos S\u0105jungos Teisingumo Teismas pripa\u017eino, kad \u201eAmazon\u201c gali b\u016bti laikomas atsakingu, kai jo platforma sukuria \u012fsp\u016bd\u012f, jog prekes parduoda pati \u012fmon\u0117. Lemiam\u0105 reik\u0161m\u0119 tur\u0117jo vienoda \u201eAmazon\u201c \u017eenklodara, \u017eymos \u201eSiun\u010dia Amazon\u201c, klient\u0173 aptarnavimas ir gr\u0105\u017einimai \u2013 vartotojas negali atskirti, kas i\u0161 tikr\u0173j\u0173 parduoda. Anks\u010diau byloje L&#8217;Or\u00e9al prie\u0161 eBay (ESTT, 2011) buvo nustatyta, kad platformos privalo veikti, kai joms prane\u0161ama apie klastotes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nuo 2024 m. taikomas ES Skaitmenini\u0173 paslaug\u0173 aktas (DSA) \u012ftvirtino formalias prane\u0161imo ir pa\u0161alinimo (notice-and-takedown) pareigas, \u201epatikim\u0173 prane\u0161\u0117j\u0173\u201c status\u0105 ir pardav\u0117j\u0173 tapatyb\u0117s nustatymo (KYC) reikalavimus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"es-vs-jav-prekyvietes-atsakomybe-uz-klastotes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>ES vs JAV: prekyviet\u0117s atsakomyb\u0117 u\u017e klastotes<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>Parametras<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Europos S\u0105junga (ES)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Jungtin\u0117s Valstijos (JAV)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Pagrindin\u0117 byla<\/strong><\/td><td>Louboutin prie\u0161 Amazon (ESTT, 2022)<\/td><td>Tiffany prie\u0161 eBay (2010)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Platformos atsakomyb\u0117<\/strong><\/td><td>Gali atsakyti, jei atrodo kaip pardav\u0117jas<\/td><td>Plati apsauga, jei reaguoja \u012f prane\u0161imus<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Teisinis pagrindas<\/strong><\/td><td>ES reglamentas 2017\/1001; DSA (nuo 2024)<\/td><td>Teism\u0173 praktika; Rogers prie\u0161 Grimaldi testas<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Meninio naudojimo apsauga<\/strong><\/td><td>Vertinama kiekvienu atveju<\/td><td>Susiaurinta byloje Jack Daniel&#8217;s prie\u0161 VIP (2023)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"kas-yra-dupe-kultura-ir-kuo-ji-rizikinga-prekiu-zenklams\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kas yra \u201edupe\u201c kult\u016bra ir kuo ji rizikinga preki\u0173 \u017eenklams?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Dupe <\/strong>\u2013 pigus prek\u0117s ar dizaino pana\u0161umas (lookalike), kuris vengia logotipo, bet kopijuoja bendr\u0105 vaizd\u0105. Teisi\u0161kai tai da\u017enai patenka \u012f dizaino ir gaminio apipavidalinimo (trade dress), o ne prek\u0117s \u017eenklo apsaugos srit\u012f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201eShein\u201c pristato apie 6 000 nauj\u0173 gamini\u0173 dizain\u0173 per dien\u0105 \u2013 toks tempas prakti\u0161kai neleid\u017eia kontroliuoti pa\u017eeidim\u0173. \u012emon\u0119 d\u0117l sisteminio kopijavimo padav\u0117 \u012f teism\u0105 \u201eLevi&#8217;s\u201c, \u201eRalph Lauren\u201c, \u201eNike\u201c, \u201eDr. Martens\u201c ir de\u0161imtys nepriklausom\u0173 dizaineri\u0173; 2023 m. pateiktame ie\u0161kinyje veikla net vadinta organizuotu kopijavimu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Socialiniuose tinkluose \u017eyma #dupe surinko milijardus per\u017ei\u016br\u0173. 2024 m. \u201eWalmart\u201c pardavin\u0117jo apie 80 USD kainavus\u012f \u201eBirkin\u201c rankin\u0117s pana\u0161um\u0105, pramint\u0105 \u201eWirkin\u201c \u2013 nors originali \u201eHerm\u00e8s\u201c rankin\u0117 kainuoja apie 10 000 USD. Kol prek\u0117s \u017eenklo savininko teisininkai sureaguoja, tendencija da\u017enai jau b\u016bna pasikeitusi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"ar-prekes-zenklai-galioja-metavisatoje-ir-nft\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ar prek\u0117s \u017eenklai galioja metavisatoje ir NFT?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Taip \u2013 prek\u0117s \u017eenklo teis\u0117s taikomos ir skaitmeniniams produktams, jei vartotojas gali b\u016bti suklaidintas d\u0117l prek\u0117s kilm\u0117s. Byloje Herm\u00e8s prie\u0161 Mason Rothschild (2023) JAV prisiekusieji pripa\u017eino, kad \u201eMetaBirkins\u201c NFT pa\u017eeid\u0117 ir susilpnino \u201eHerm\u00e8s\u201c prek\u0117s \u017eenkl\u0105, ir priteis\u0117 133 000 USD \u017eal\u0105. Autoriaus gynyba, kad tai menas, saugomas savirai\u0161kos laisv\u0117s, buvo atmesta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Byloje Nike prie\u0161 StockX (nagrin\u0117jama) keliamas klausimas, ar su NFT susieti sportba\u010diai yra \u201etikri\u201c produktai, pa\u017eeid\u017eiantys \u201eNike\u201c prek\u0117s \u017eenklus. Tokie preki\u0173 \u017eenklai kaip \u201eGucci\u201c, \u201eNike\u201c, \u201ePrada\u201c ir \u201eHerm\u00e8s\u201c jau registruoja \u017eymenis virtualioms prek\u0117ms 9-oje Nicos klas\u0117je. Ar virtuali rankin\u0117 yra \u201eprek\u0117\u201c preki\u0173 \u017eenkl\u0173 teis\u0117s prasme \u2013 kol kas skirtingi teismai atsako skirtingai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"kaip-apsaugoti-prekes-zenkla-ir-dizaina-keliose-salyse\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kaip apsaugoti prek\u0117s \u017eenkl\u0105 ir dizain\u0105 keliose \u0161alyse?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tarptautin\u0119 apsaug\u0105 administruoja Pasaulin\u0117 intelektin\u0117s nuosavyb\u0117s organizacija (WIPO). Vienu parai\u0161kos pateikimu galima siekti apsaugos daugelyje \u0161ali\u0173.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Madrido sistema <\/strong>\u2013 prek\u0117s \u017eenklams, apima daugiau nei 130 \u0161ali\u0173.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hagos sistema <\/strong>\u2013 dizainui, apima daugiau nei 90 \u0161ali\u0173.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Svarbu suprasti, kad kiekviena \u0161alis taiko savo materialin\u0119 teis\u0119, o pa\u017eeidim\u0173 sustabdymas i\u0161lieka nacionalin\u0117 problema. Kuriose \u0161alyse registruotis pirmiausia, pad\u0117s \u012fvertinti <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metida.lt\/kaip-pasirinkti-prekes-zenklo-registracijos-sali\/\">prek\u0117s \u017eenklo registracijos \u0161alies pasirinkimo<\/a> gair\u0117s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"kokios-pasekmes-neapsaugojus-prekes-zenklo-internete\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kokios pasekm\u0117s neapsaugojus prek\u0117s \u017eenklo internete?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tinkamai neapsaugotas prek\u0117s \u017eenklas rei\u0161kia konkre\u010di\u0105 finansin\u0119 ir reputacin\u0119 rizik\u0105. Da\u017eniausios situacijos i\u0161 praktikos yra dvi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Kai partneriai tampa prie\u0161ais. <\/strong>Bendratur\u010diai sukuria prek\u0117s \u017eenkl\u0105 kartu, v\u0117liau santykiai nutr\u016bksta \u2013 ir kiekvienas skuba registruoti \u017eenkl\u0105 pirmas arba panaikinti kito registracij\u0105.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Neregistruotas \u017eenklas ir populiarus produktas. <\/strong>Produktas tampa s\u0117kmingas, o pavadinim\u0105 pirmas u\u017eregistruoja konkurentas ar \u201esquatteris\u201c. Apple u\u017e \u017eenkl\u0105 \u201eiPad\u201c Kinijoje sumok\u0117jo apie 60 mln. USD, o Burger King Australijoje tur\u0117jo persivadinti \u012f \u201eHungry Jack&#8217;s\u201c.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pla\u010diau apie <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metida.lt\/intelektines-nuosavybes-pazeidimai-rizikos-prevencija-ir-teisine-pagalba\/\">intelektin\u0117s nuosavyb\u0117s pa\u017eeidimus ir prevencij\u0105<\/a> bei <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metida.lt\/prekyba-klastotemis-latvijoje\/\">prekyb\u0105 klastot\u0117mis<\/a> skaitykite atskiruose straipsniuose. Apie prek\u0117s \u017eenkl\u0173 naudojim\u0105 skaitmenin\u0117je erdv\u0117je \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metida.lt\/prekiu-zenklai-socialiniuose-tinkluose\/\">preki\u0173 \u017eenklai socialiniuose tinkluose<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"kaip-metida-padeda-apsaugoti-prekes-zenkla-skaitmenineje-ekonomikoje\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kaip METIDA padeda apsaugoti prek\u0117s \u017eenkl\u0105 skaitmenin\u0117je ekonomikoje?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">METIDA yra viena did\u017eiausi\u0173 preki\u0173 \u017eenkl\u0173 ir dizaino atstov\u0173 Europos S\u0105jungoje. M\u016bs\u0173 patentiniai patik\u0117tiniai atstovauja klientus tiek nacionaliniu, tiek ES (EUIPO) ir tarptautiniu (WIPO) lygmeniu. Jei planuojate apsaugoti prek\u0117s \u017eenkl\u0105 ar dizain\u0105, prad\u0117kite nuo <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metida.lt\/prekes-zenklo-registravimas-pradzia\/\">prek\u0117s \u017eenklo registravimo<\/a> arba <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metida.lt\/kaip-apsaugoti-dizaina\/\">dizaino apsaugos<\/a> gairi\u0173.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Straipsnio pagrindas \u2013 METIDA patentinio patik\u0117tinio ir IP teisininko <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metida.lt\/komanda\/martynas-sukevicius\/\">Martyno \u0160ukevi\u010diaus<\/a> paskaita \u201eWhen Brands Meet the Internet: IP Challenges in the Digital Economy\u201c.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Skaitmenin\u0117 ekonomika pakeit\u0117 ne preki\u0173 \u017eenkl\u0173 teis\u0117s principus, o j\u0173 taikymo praktik\u0105. Prek\u0117s \u017eenklas ir dizainas saugomi pagal tas pa\u010dias taisykles kaip ir prie\u0161 20 met\u0173, ta\u010diau elektronin\u0117s prekyviet\u0117s, socialiniai tinklai ir NFT suk\u016br\u0117 pa\u017eeidim\u0173 mast\u0105 ir greit\u012f, kurio anks\u010diau nebuvo. \u0160iame straipsnyje ap\u017evelgiame, kaip teismai ES ir JAV sprend\u017eia naujus gin\u010dus ir k\u0105 tai [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":11573,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[226,336,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11572","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktuali-informacija","category-intelektine-nuosavybe","category-naujienos"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":8}},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Prek\u0117s \u017eenklai internete: intelektin\u0117s nuosavyb\u0117s i\u0161\u0161\u016bkiai | Metida<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Prek\u0117s \u017eenklai internete kelia nauj\u0173 IP i\u0161\u0161\u016bki\u0173: nuo Amazon klasto\u010di\u0173 iki MetaBirkins NFT. 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