{"id":1333,"date":"2020-09-18T10:32:09","date_gmt":"2020-09-18T12:32:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.metida.lt\/?p=1333"},"modified":"2026-09-02T13:08:09","modified_gmt":"2026-09-02T15:08:09","slug":"big-data-principai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/svetainiuperkelimas.eu\/metida\/big-data-principai\/","title":{"rendered":"Esminiai Big Data principai"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

2017 m. sausio 10 d. Europos Komisija paskelb\u0117 komunikat\u0105 \u201eEuropos duomen\u0173 ekonomikos k\u016brimas<\/a>\u201c, kuriame ai\u0161kinamas laisvo duomen\u0173 jud\u0117jimo poreikis, atskleid\u017eiamos kli\u016btys ir galimyb\u0117s jas \u012fveikti siekiant sukurti bendr\u0105 skaitmenin\u0119 duomen\u0173 rink\u0105. Kalbant apie nauj\u0105j\u012f Bendr\u0105j\u012f duomen\u0173 apsaugos reglament\u0105, kuris bus taikomas nuo 2018 m. gegu\u017e\u0117s 25 d. ir ateityje vyksian\u010dias papildomas duomen\u0173 apsaugos reformas, did\u017ei\u0173j\u0173 duomen\u0173 (angl. Big Data) nauda, kompleksi\u0161kumas ir veikimo principai \u2013 dominuojanti daugelio technologin\u0117s pl\u0117tros diskusij\u0173 tema. Maria Silvia Martinson, METIDA teisinink\u0117, nurodo \u012f kokius esminius \u0161io rei\u0161kinio principus turi atsi\u017evelgti kiekvienas?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kas yra Big Data?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u012edomu tai, kad n\u0117ra vieno bendrai sutarto ir \u012ftvirtinto did\u017ei\u0173j\u0173 duomen\u0173 (angl. Big data) apibr\u0117\u017eimo, tod\u0117l skirtinguose kontekstuose terminas gali b\u016bti suprantamas \u012fvairiai. \u0160iame straipsnyje terminas \u201edidieji duomenys\u201c  (angl. Big Data) suprantamas taip, kaip Europos Komisijos paai\u0161kinime: \u201eDidieji duomenys \u2013 dideli \u012fvairi\u0173 r\u016b\u0161i\u0173 duomen\u0173 kiekiai, kuriuos sukuria \u012fvair\u016bs \u0161altiniai, pavyzd\u017eiui, \u017emon\u0117s, ma\u0161inos ar jutikliai\u201c. Kituose apibr\u0117\u017eimuose teigiama, kad duomen\u0173 rinkiniai, kurie yra laikomi did\u017eiaisiais duomenimis (angl. Big Data), yra arba tokie sud\u0117tingi, arba tiesiog tokie dideli, kad tradicin\u0117s duomen\u0173 apdorojimo programos j\u0173 netenkina ir reikalauja novatori\u0161kos duomen\u0173 valdymo programin\u0117s \u012frangos. Ta\u010diau standartu laikoma, kad didieji duomenys (angl. Big Data) apib\u016bdinami remiantis \u0161iomis trimis savyb\u0117mis: apimtimi, sparta ir \u012fvairove.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Apimtis<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u201eApimtis\u201c nurodo labai didelius duomen\u0173 kiekius, gaunamus i\u0161 skirting\u0173 \u0161altini\u0173. 2002 m., prasidedant vadinamajam \u201eskaitmeniniam am\u017eiui\u201c visuotin\u0117s informacijos saugojimo srityje, surinkt\u0173 ir saugom\u0173 duomen\u0173 mastas staigiai i\u0161augo. Tiksliau, Martino Hilberto ir Priscila L\u00f3pez atliktas tyrimas atskleid\u0117, kad 2002-ieji buvo l\u016b\u017eio ta\u0161kas, kai vis daugiau duomen\u0173 prad\u0117ta saugoti skaitmeniniu formatu, o ne analoginiu duomen\u0173 formatu, pavyzd\u017eiui, popieriuje ir juostel\u0117se. Iki 2007 m. 94 % vis\u0173 duomen\u0173 buvo saugomi skaitmeniniu formatu, o duomen\u0173 kiekis i\u0161augo kelis kartus. Ir tai buvo dar prie\u0161 atsirandant debesijai (angl. Cloud Computing), informacijos saugojimo ir prieigos prie jos per nuotolinius interneto serverius, si\u016blan\u010dius i\u0161skirtinius saugojimo paj\u0117gumus, veikla \u012fgavo pagreit\u012f dar 2009 m. ir paplito 2013 m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2 & 3. Sparta ir \u012fvairov\u0117<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u201eSparta\u201c ir \u201e\u012fvairov\u0117\u201c atitinkamai apib\u016bdina precedento neturin\u010di\u0105 duomen\u0173 sraut\u0173 spart\u0105 ir skirtingus formatus, kuriais gaunami duomenys. D\u0117l pa\u017eangaus telemetrijos sprendimo M2M (angl. machine-to-machine) ir augan\u010dio objekt\u0173, kurie pasi\u017eymi daikt\u0173 interneto savyb\u0117mis (pavyzd\u017eiui, \u012fmontuoti jutikliai), skai\u010diaus vis daugiau ir daugiau ma\u017ey\u010di\u0173 duomen\u0173 bit\u0173 perduodama per sekund\u0119. Be to, per dien\u0105 \u017emon\u0117s sukuria did\u017eiulius duomen\u0173 kiekius, pavyzd\u017eiui, teigiama, kad kasdien \u201eFacebook\u201c vartotojai \u012fkelia daugiau nei 900 milijon\u0173 nuotrauk\u0173. Duomenys atkeliauja i\u0161  daugyb\u0117s \u0161altini\u0173 \u2013 tai gali b\u016bti lai\u0161kai, skaitiniai duomenys, vaizdai ar ka\u017ekas kito. Be to, nors kai kurie duomenys gali b\u016bti strukt\u016brizuoti, ta\u010diau dauguma j\u0173 \u2013 nestrukt\u016brizuoti, tod\u0117l juos valdyti ir analizuoti sunkiau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Big Data principai<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Sunkiausia – atsirinkti<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Atsi\u017evelgiant \u012f tai, kas jau pamin\u0117ta, galima neabejotinai sutikti, kad duomen\u0173 surenkama, saugoma ir tvarkoma daugiau nei bet kada anks\u010diau. Nors kyla klausim\u0173, susijusi\u0173 su papildomais saugojimo paj\u0117gumais, ta\u010diau tai n\u0117ra labiausiai aktualus did\u017ei\u0173j\u0173 duomen\u0173 (angl. Big Data) klausimas. Daugumos diskusij\u0173 ir poky\u010di\u0173 tikslas \u2013 rasti geriausi\u0105 b\u016bd\u0105, kaip i\u0161gauti informacij\u0105 i\u0161 did\u017ei\u0173j\u0173 duomen\u0173 (angl. Big Data) ir juos panaudoti siekiant paspartinti naujoves. Prieiga prie dideli\u0173 duomen\u0173 kieki\u0173 \u2013 tik pus\u0117 pergal\u0117s, nes ne visi duomenys yra naudingi ir rasti tas dalis, kurios gali b\u016bti naudingos, yra taip pat sunku, kaip rasti adat\u0105 \u0161ieno kupetoje. Ta\u010diau suradus adat\u0105, atsiveria neribotos galimyb\u0117s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Norint i\u0161gauti verting\u0105 informacij\u0105 i\u0161 did\u017ei\u0173j\u0173 duomen\u0173 (angl. Big Data), reikia labai pa\u017eangios programin\u0117s \u012frangos paketo, kuris gal\u0117t\u0173 atlikti i\u0161samios paie\u0161kos operacijas siekiant gauti norim\u0173 rezultat\u0173. Po to gauti rezultatai turi b\u016bti analizuojami siekiant nustatyti tendencijas, gana da\u017enai, taip greitai, kaip b\u016bt\u0173 galima reaguoti realiuoju laiku. \u0160is procesas da\u017eniausiai yra ir tur\u0117t\u0173 b\u016bti automatizuotas, prie\u0161ingu atveju, reik\u0117t\u0173 \u012fd\u0117ti labai daug darbo. Savo 2016 m. straipsnyje, patalpintame JAV naujien\u0173 portale \u201eHuffington Post\u201c, verslininkas Jamesas Cantonas parei\u0161k\u0117, kad savaranki\u0161kas sprendim\u0173 pri\u0117mimas tampa norma. Be to,  pabr\u0117\u017e\u0117, kad nors nustatyti tendencijas yra naudinga, ta\u010diau i\u0161gavimas, kurio tikslas \u2013 informuoti ir grei\u010diau nustatyti geresnius rezultatus, gali b\u016bti \u012fmanomas derinant did\u017eiuosius duomenis (angl. Big Data) ir dirbtin\u012f intelekt\u0105.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Did\u017ei\u0173j\u0173 duomen\u0173 (angl. Big Data) nauda yra pla\u010diai paplitusi. I\u0161gauta informacija gali b\u016bti naudojama versle siekiant geriau pritraukti klientus (individualizuoti skelbimai), optimizuoti tiekimo planavim\u0105 ir produkto kokyb\u0119, arba pad\u0117ti sveikatos prie\u017ei\u016bros specialistams optimizuoti pacient\u0173 gydym\u0105 ar net u\u017ekirsti keli\u0105 ligoms ir rasti nauj\u0173 vaist\u0173. Didieji duomenys (angl. Big Data) gali pad\u0117ti valdyti eismo srautus ir atnaujinti namus. Vie\u0161asis sektorius taip pat naudoja did\u017eiuosius duomenis (angl. Big Data) siekiant i\u0161vengti kibernetini\u0173 atak\u0173, kovoti su terorizmu ir i\u0161vengti \u012fvairi\u0173 r\u016b\u0161i\u0173 nusikalstamos veiklos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Big Data principai: naudinga ir vertinga<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kitaip tariant, \u201edidieji duomenys\u201c (angl. Big Data) yra labai vertingi ne tik d\u0117l j\u0173 teikiamos naudos. Pasak Europos Komisijos, iki 2020 m. Europos pilie\u010di\u0173 asmens duomen\u0173 vert\u0117 turi potencial\u0105 augti iki 643 bilijon\u0173 eur\u0173, kurie atitikt\u0173 3,17 % i\u0161 visos Europos S\u0105jungos BVP. Daugelis \u012fmoni\u0173 gali ir jau pateikia did\u017eiuosius duomenis (angl. Big Data) pinigine i\u0161rai\u0161ka, nes turi prieig\u0105 prie didelio duomen\u0173 (tiek asmenini\u0173, tiek neasmenini\u0173) kiekio. Ta\u010diau d\u0117l to kyla duomen\u0173 apsaugos ir privatumo klausimas. \u0160iuo atveju, skaidrumas ir pasitik\u0117jimas yra raktiniai \u017eod\u017eiai, nes, atsi\u017evelgiant \u012f 2015 m. Eurobarometro atlikto tyrimo rezultatus, 81% europie\u010di\u0173 mano, kad negali visi\u0161kai kontroliuoti savo asmens duomen\u0173 internete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dalis min\u0117t\u0173 klausim\u0173 buvo i\u0161nagrin\u0117ti Bendrajame duomen\u0173 apsaugos reglamente, kuris buvo priimtas 2016 m. baland\u017eio 27 d. ir bus taikomas nuo 2018 m. gegu\u017e\u0117s 25 d. Tiksliau tariant, Bendrasis duomen\u0173 apsaugos reglamentas pateikia bendr\u0105 taisykli\u0173 rinkin\u012f visai Europos S\u0105jungai, kuris reglamentuoja asmens duomen\u0173 tvarkym\u0105. Tai taip pat apima automati\u0161kai sukurtus duomenis, kuri\u0173 pakanka siekiant identifikuoti fizin\u012f asmen\u012f. Vienas did\u017eiausi\u0173 poky\u010di\u0173, kuriuos pateikia Bendrasis duomen\u0173 apsaugos reglamentas \u2013 i\u0161pl\u0117stas teritorinis pasiekiamumas: net \u012fmon\u0117ms, esan\u010dioms u\u017e Europos S\u0105jungos rib\u0173, bet turin\u010dioms tikslinius vartotojus Europos S\u0105jungoje, bus taikomos \u0161io reglamento nuostatos. Ta\u010diau, kaip nurodyta anks\u010diau, Bendrasis duomen\u0173 apsaugos reglamentas nei\u0161sprend\u017eia vis\u0173 su \u0161iuo klausimu susijusi\u0173 problem\u0173, neatveria galimybi\u0173 optimaliai \u201eduomen\u0173 ekonomikai\u201c. Tod\u0117l Europos Komisija, prad\u0117dama plataus masto dialog\u0105 klausimais, i\u0161keltais min\u0117tame 2017 m. sausio 10 d. komunikate, rengs vie\u0161\u0105sias konsultacijas.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

2017 m. sausio 10 d. Europos Komisija paskelb\u0117 komunikat\u0105 \u201eEuropos duomen\u0173 ekonomikos k\u016brimas\u201c, kuriame ai\u0161kinamas laisvo duomen\u0173 jud\u0117jimo poreikis, atskleid\u017eiamos kli\u016btys ir galimyb\u0117s jas \u012fveikti siekiant sukurti bendr\u0105 skaitmenin\u0119 duomen\u0173 rink\u0105. Kalbant apie nauj\u0105j\u012f Bendr\u0105j\u012f duomen\u0173 apsaugos reglament\u0105, kuris bus taikomas nuo 2018 m. gegu\u017e\u0117s 25 d. ir ateityje vyksian\u010dias papildomas duomen\u0173 apsaugos reformas, did\u017ei\u0173j\u0173 duomen\u0173 (angl.\u00a0Big Data) nauda, kompleksi\u0161kumas ir veikimo principai \u2013 dominuojanti daugelio technologin\u0117s pl\u0117tros diskusij\u0173 tema. Maria Silvia Martinson, METIDA teisinink\u0117, nurodo, \u012f kokius esminius \u0161io rei\u0161kinio principus turi atsi\u017evelgti kiekvienas?\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":1346,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_gspb_post_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1333","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-naujienos"],"blocksy_meta":{"styles_descriptor":{"styles":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"google_fonts":[],"version":8}},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nBig Data principai: jos esm\u0117<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Did\u017ei\u0173j\u0173 duomen\u0173 (angl.\u00a0Big Data) nauda, kompleksi\u0161kumas ir veikimo principai \u2013 dominuojanti daugelio technologin\u0117s pl\u0117tros diskusij\u0173 tema.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"noindex, 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